![]() When you add the layer, the image will become black and white.Now you have to go back to the filter option again and choose the option “diffuse”.This time apply the filter called “isotropic filter”.You can make the images smoother by changing the threshold level.Using the brush tool, now you have to clear all the unnecessary layers.In the next step, adjust all the edges selecting the mask layer.Finally, resize the layer of the vector.Converting images from one file to another is a basic skill that any designer needs to know.The good thing about this is that there are plenty of tools and tutorials online that will teach you exactly what you need to know! (Thank you, technology!) Vector images is a common file type that designers and advertisers need to master. After all, this is the preferred format for billboards and other types of ads. There are a lot of ways to convert flat images into vectors. To better understand what a vector file is, it is important to learn the 2 basic categories of a digital image: raster graphics and vector graphics. You may already be familiar with a flat or raster graphic. jpg (Joint Photographic Experts Group), or. png (Portable Network Graphics) file types. png image, you’ll see that the image becomes blurry and you start seeing little square dots. This is the basic foundation of a raster graphic: flat little dots that form the full picture. On the other hand, a vector graphic is made up of mathematical formulas rather than flat, fixed, and solid colored pixels. The formulas create the points, paths, lines, curves, shapes, and colors that you see in a vector image. ![]() The most important attribute of a vector image is that it is infinitely scalable without compromising the quality of the image. No matter how close you zoom in, or how big you scale a vector image, it will remain smooth. The resolution will also remain high! Some common file formats of vector files are. Vector images are used in branding and printing. Most logos, icons, and other graphics that you see displayed on websites online are vector images. Most print jobs you have seen might also have been vector images before printing. ![]() What can you do with vector images?īecause vector files are resolution independent, they are great for large scale printing like banners, signs, and other large format jobs. Vector files are also great for smaller prints like business cards, packaging, and stickers because even the tiniest details are guaranteed to be sharp and clear. It is generally a good idea to keep graphic assets as vector files because of its smaller file size compared to a raster image. What are tools that can convert an image to a vector? You can also update and edit vector files with ease as well as export it into any other file type you need anytime. ![]()
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![]() Some aspects of the Garden City were adopted, such as the sizeable amounts of green space. Expansion was to happen mainly in the West, the Westelijke Tuinsteden. In the 1930’s, Cornelis van Eesteren and Theo van Lohuizen developed the General Expansion Plan for Amsterdam. In Amsterdam, the Social Democrat Party was an enthusiastic supporter of Howard’s ideas, but the modernist planners that presided over the next wave of urban development resisted the anti-urban mentality of these ideas. The cooperative aspects of the original Garden City ideals were thus not only expressed in the community gardens and popular kitchens present in the designs, but also through the general mechanisms for inhabitants to appropriate space.Īs Peter Hall and Colin Ward have observed more recently, the closer the Garden City came to large-scale application through the New Towns programme, the further it became removed from its original ideals and designs. The progressive inclination of this movement was also to be found in Howard’s proposals: the Garden City model he proposed included a mechanism whereby gradually, ownership would transfer from the hands of the financiers to those of the inhabitants, with rents henceforth directed towards the maintenance of a local welfare state. Meant as a solution for the urban crisis that followed the agricultural depression in the late 19 th Century, it became the prime inspiration for the Garden City Movement. ![]() In it, he laid out a basic proposal for a utopian city that would combine qualities of urban and rural life. In 1898, Ebenezer Howard published his book, Garden Cities of To-Morrow. This essay traces the origins of the ideas behind the planning of the Western Garden Cities, to see whether some of these can be salvaged and put to use again in the 21st century. Ironically, some of the same mistakes of the modernists planners are now being repeated, most notably the fixation on form in stead of the social use of space. Though officially the renewal program is supposed to protect the Garden City qualities of the area, in reality the restructuring lacks any coherent vision of what that would mean. The architecture has generally been seen as intrinsic to these problems, leading to the present large-scale demolition. It’s image changed into that of a backward neighborhood, a ‘concentration area’ marked by segregation and social issues. Presented as an advanced, modern living environment for the new Man, the area’s reputation has long been in decline. The district called the Westelijke Tuinsteden (Western Garden Cities) has been built on the basis of the modernist General Expansion Plan of Cornelis van Eesteren. The neighborhood can be accessed via Qasr Einy, Downtown streets, and the following Metro stations (Muhamed Najib, Saad Zaghlol, Sayeda Zeinab).For almost fifteen years now, the area to the west of Amsterdam’s ring road has been subject to large-scale redevelopment, in what is considered to be Europe’s biggest urban renewal program. Garden City is close to Downtown, and it’s only 2.5 km from Tahrir square. Garden City hosts a number of landmarks, such as: The Parliament Building, Dubara Palace, Virgin Mary Church, Evangelical Church, Church of the Roman Catholic Immaculate Virgin, Omar Makram mosque, and Mer De Due School. However, the presence of embassies and the close proximity to Tahrir square can make getting in and out of hte neighborhood a bit challenging when there is political unrest and protests. Garden City hosts several key embassies, like the US and UK embassies, and many expats prefer to live in this upscale and safe neighborhood. The streets of Garden City are designed in the form of circles, and the neighborhood was and remains one of the most luxurious neighborhoods that preserved its high living standards. ![]() One of the most prestigious neighborhoods in Cairo, close to Downtown, and has many buildings overlooking the Nile corniche. ![]() |
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